Almighty
Black P. Stone Nation
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Black P. Stone
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Founded
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1959
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Founding location
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Years active
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1959-current
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Ethnicity
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Membership
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Criminal activities
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Allies
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Bloods, People Nation gangs,Los Zetas, Neighborhood Bloods Alliance, Latin Kings,Zoe Pound Gang, Black Guerilla Family, United Blood Nation
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Rivals
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Notable members
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Jeff Fort
Eugene Hairston |
The Black P. Stone aka BPS is a Chicago-based street gang estimated to have more than 30,000 members. The
gang was originally formed in the late 1950s as the Blackstone Rangers. In later years, an Islamic faction of the gang emerged, naming themselves
the "El Rukn tribe of the Moorish Science Temple of America" (or simply El Rukn). The group's founder
and 'religious leader' is Abdullah-Malik (born Jeff Fort).[2] The BPSN finances itself through a wide array of
criminal activities and are part of the large Chicago gang alliance known as
the People Nation.[3]
The
B.P.S originated, and is based, in the South Side of Chicago in the Woodlawn neighborhood.[4] Their main rivals are the Gangster Disciples (GD), and to a lesser degree, the Black Disciples (BD).
Rivals
include the entire Folk Nation alliance and white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and Aryan Brotherhood. Their allies are the Vice Lords, Latin Kings,
and other People Nation gangs, Black Separatist groups, the Five Percenters, and Los Zetas. Separate factions of the gang include Titanic
Stones, Apache Stones, Jabari Stones, No Limit Stones, Maniac Stones, and Jet
Black Stones.[5] There are several gangs that branched off of the
Black P. Stone Nation including Gangster Stones, Rubinite Stones, Corner
Stones, Latin Stones, and Familia Stones. All these branches have many
factions. BPSN has branched out to many different parts of the US, especially
in the Midwest and the South, and cities such as New York, Philadelphia, and
Los Angeles. The Familia Stones, also known as the Puerto Rican Sones, a
break-off of the Black P. Stone Nation predominately made up of Puerto Ricans,
has even branched out to Puerto Rico.[6]
History
The
Blackstone Rangers were founded at the St. Charles Institution for Troubled
Youth by Jeff Fort and Eugene Hairston as a community organization for black youth in
theWoodlawn area of South Chicago.
In the 1960s they evolved into one of the most dangerous and powerful gangs in
Chicago. Fort seized upon the gang's changed mission, renaming it the Black P.
Stone Nation. He transformed the BPS into a black nationalistic group, and continued to involve the gang in
street crime and drug trafficking.
BPSN
founding member Eugene Hairston was incarcerated on drug charges on June 6,
1966,[7] and Fort was arrested for mismanagement of
government grants totaling $927,000 from the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity in March 1972. Fort was released in the early 1980s, but was later
re-incarcerated on drug charges. At some time in the 1980s, Fort converted to Islam and imbued the BPS with Islamic overtones. It was then that he
adopted the name of Abdullah-Malik and the rank of "caliph."[8] Following meetings during 1986 with Libyan
operatives from Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi's government, Fort was charged with buying weapons to commit terrorist acts on behalf of the Libyan government. In
1987, Fort was tried and convicted for conspiring with Libya to perform acts of
domestic terrorism by use of COINTELPRO type methods. He was sentenced to 80
years imprisonment and transferred to the USP Marion, the federal supermax
prison in Marion, Illinois.[9][10][11] In 1988, Fort was also convicted of ordering the
1981 murder of a rival gang leader and was sentenced to 75 years in prison to
be served after the completion of his terror conspiracy sentence.[12][13]
While
Abdullah-Malik continues to exercise considerable influence over the BPS from
prison, the various Black Stones splinter groups suffer from rampant infighting
without a clear leader. There are two major groups that have split with the
B.P.S. The Mickey Cobras were supporters of Mickey Cogwell, a co-founder of BPS killed by Jeff Fort. The
Titanic Stones were supporters of Eugene Hairston who had a falling-out with
Fort.
Islamic identification
The
Black Pyramid Stone Nation now has a strong Islamic character, which can be
attributed to the Moorish Science Temple of America. BPS first started to embrace Islam in the late
1970s when Jeff Fort was released from prison and changed his name. He also
renamed the Black Pyramid Stones as El Rukn. El Rukn adopted their Islamic
principles from the Moorish Science Temple - also the forerunner of black
Muslim groups such as the Nation of Islam and the Five Percenters. They take inspiration from the historic African Moorswho
came from north and west Africa and conquered Iberia in the Middle Ages,
and who were Muslims.
Even
though Abdullah-Malik created an Islamic identity for BPS, nowadays that
ideological underpinning is not solid. Although a significant number of Stones
are Muslims, Islam now has little to do with the organization's day-to-day
operations. The vast spreading of chapters throughout the United States has
served to dilute any Islamic identity. Many Chicago based and influenced BPS in
the Midwest, East Coast, and in the South embrace Islam, but just as many do
not (especially BPS Bloods/Black Stone West). BPS Bloods/Black Stone West does
not embrace Islam as it emerged in 1969, before Fort overhauled the mainstream
BPS organization.
The
Fort-Hairston schism left a significant number of groups adhering to Hairston's
principles, and thus have no religious character. Belief in Islam is in many
cases a prerogative of individual members. Most 'Stone' in the South don't
personally acknowledge Islam, but many on the East Coast do, and in Chicago
more than a quarter of BPS is Muslim. Islam has also brought negative attention
from federal law enforcement because of BPS's ties to domestic and
international Islamic terrorism. They were declared a threat to homeland
security after the September 11 attacks. El Rukn has virtually no street presence any longer, with the
religious/political body of the BPSN now existing as the Masjid Al Kabahunder Abdullah-Malik and his Islamic clergy.
Media
§ The FBI investigation into Jeff Fort and his El
Rukns gang for terrorism was featured in an episode of the The FBI Files entitled "Terror For Sale",
such as the gangs' purchase of a LAW Rocket (actually a dummy rocket) from an
undercover agent posing as a arms dealer.
Notes
1.
^ Black P. Stone
(National)," National Gang Threat Assessment 2009, United
States Department of Justice, January 2009.
2.
^ Florida Department
of Corrections. "Street Gangs — Chicago Based or
Influenced: People Nation and Folk Nation". State of Florida.
Retrieved 2008-03-08.
3.
^ Kenneth
O'Reilly, Racial Matters: The FBI's File on Black America, 1960 - 1972 (New
York: Free Press, 1991), 409.
4.
^ Lance Williams,
"The Black Pyramid
Stone: Black Power, Politics, and Gangbanging," University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public
Health, February 12, 2001.
8.
^ Robert W. Dart,
"Views from the Field: The Future is Here Today: Street Gang
Trends," Journal of Gang Research 1.1 (1992), 87-90.
9.
^ "Five Draw
Long Sentences for Terrorism Scheme". The New York Times (Associated
Press). 1987-12-31. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
10.
^ Don Terry
(1991-05-19). "In Chicago Courtroom, Nation's First Super Gang Fights for
Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
11.
^ "Rossi,
Rosilind (1992-08-24). "How the Law Won War With El Rukns". Chicago
Sun-Times. "Jeff Fort, serving 155 years at the federal prison in
Downstate Marion"
13.
^ Rossi, Rosalind
(1988-11-15). "75 more years for Fort 4 other Rukns draw stiff
terms". Chicago Sun-Times: pp. 3.
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